In terms of the geographical location, Vitebsk oblast stands at a crossroads of important routes. There is motor, railway and air transport available for the population.

There are more than 700 bus routes, 17 street car and trolleybus routes and 2 air routes in the oblast. The total length of general-purpose highways is over 16,700 km. The oblast comes first in the country in terms of the amount of hard-surface roads per 1,000 of population.

The length of railway tracks of the Belarusian Railways in use in the oblast makes 838 km. The main cargo traffic flow runs east-west along the mainline Zaolsha-Vitebsk-Polotsk-Bigosovo.

Since 1966, the oblast has been developing pipeline transportation. Today the trunk-line Druzhba crosses the oblast (Unecha-Orsha-Novopolotsk).

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